Abstract: The improvement of the thermal insulating material thermophysical characteristics of the thermal protection elements by studying the porous structure is a promising direction of research. The article describes the effects of the porosity and coupling of the porous structure on the thermophysical characteristics of thermal insulating materials.The article uses standard systematized techniques and instruments of scientific research applied in thermophysics. The research methodology of highly-porous material thermophysical properties is based on performance of empirical laboratory investigations of the samples obtained.It was found that for the pore structure effect on the material characteristics it is rational to use the following complex indices: porosity, number of pores, pore position in space, the pore form, pore formation energy. The article shows the effect of the porous structure on the thermophysical characteristics of the material. The complex parameters of the porous structure, which will allow to develop a new method ofcontrol of the porous structure, are proposed.As a result of the experiment planning method, the regression equation of an effective coefficient of thermal conductivity for porous thermal protection structures was developed. It was established that for amore even distribution of the mixture in a volume it is necessary to minimize the size of the dispersed components, thereby increasing the area of their contacts.The experimental method revealed that the moisture evaporation caused the formation of poresinside the clay. The shape of the pores was determined using electron microscope MMP-2P, both on the sample section and surface. The clearest clay has the greatest porosity (no iron oxide and calcium oxide). The pores have a spherical shape in it. The presence of impurities reduces the material porosity due to the increased clay viscosity.
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