Publikacje

Streszczenie:

Koncepcja bezpieczeństwa pożarowego obejmuje niezwykle szeroki zakres zagadnień. Aby zapewnić odpowiedni poziom bezpieczeństwa pożarowego, konieczne jest łączenie badań i działań w kilku dziedzinach, takich jak matematyczne, fizyczne lub numeryczne modelowanie zjawiska pożaru. Innym problemem jest projektowanie różnych rodzajów ochrony przeciwpożarowej, w tym systemów alarmowych, systemów tryskaczowych, a także dróg i systemów ewakuacyjnych, w sposób zapewniający maksymalne bezpieczeństwo użytkownikom budynku. Istotną kwestią jest analiza reakcji wytrzymałości statycznej konstrukcji w warunkach pożaru. Badanie to, dotyczące takich analiz, ogranicza się do stalowych konstrukcji kratownicowych. W aprobatach technicznych producenci materiałów ognioodpornych nie uwzględniają charakteru działania poszczególnych elementów konstrukcyjnych. Kompresowane elementy wymagają grubszej izolacji niż te w napięciu. Zjawisko to związane jest z faktem, że w warunkach pożaru współczynnik wyboczenia giętnego w elementach ściskanych jest gwałtownie zmniejszany wraz ze wzrostem temperatury. Z kolei ten wzrost temperatury prowadzi do szybkiego zmniejszenia oporu. Ponadto elementy naprężone mają znacznie większą odporność niż elementy ściskane w podstawowej sytuacji projektowej, tj. W chwili t = 0 min. W konsekwencji, nawet znaczny spadek oporu cięgien nie jest tak niebezpieczny jak w przypadku elementów ściskających. Dlatego też, ze względu na charakter działania poszczególnych elementów, izolacja ognioodporna każdej konstrukcji stalowej powinna zostać zweryfikowana obliczeniowo. Dodatkowo w tym artykule zbadano wpływ rodzaju izolacji ogniowej na mechaniczną odpowiedź konstrukcji. Obliczenia przeprowadzono dla różnych rodzajów natryskiwanej izolacji, a także dla paneli izolacyjnych konturowych i skrzynkowych. Wykresy przedstawiają zachowanie modułu sprężystości, granicy plastyczności i odporności elementów w kolejnych minutach pożaru dla różnych stosowanych metod ochrony przeciwpożarowej. Najlepsze wyniki uzyskano dla wermikulitu i sprayu gipsowego.

Abstract:

The concept of fire safety covers an extremely vast scope of issues. To ensure an adequate fire safety level, it is necessary to combine research and actions in several fields, such as the mathematical, physical, or numerical modelling of a fire phenomenon. Another problem is to design different types of fire protection, including alarm systems, sprinkler systems, and also roads and evacuation systems, in a manner that ensures maximum safety for the building’s users. A vital issue is the analysis of the static-strength response of the structure under fire conditions. This study, concerned with such analyses, is limited to steel truss structures. In technical approvals, manufacturers of fire-proofing materials do not account for the character of the performance of individual structural members. The components in compression need thicker insulation than those in tension. This phenomenon is related to the fact that under fire conditions, the flexural buckling coefficient in compressed members is abruptly reduced with an increase in temperature. In turn, this increase in temperature leads to a fast reduction in resistance. In addition, members in tension have much higher resistance than those in compression in the basic design situation, i.e., at the instant of t = 0 min. Consequently, even a considerable decrease in the resistance of tension members is not as dangerous as that of compression members. Therefore, due to the nature of the performance of individual elements, fire-proofing insulation of every steel structure should be computationally verified. Additionally, in this paper, the influence of the type of fire insulation on the mechanical response of the structure was investigated. Calculations were carried out for different types of sprayed-on insulation, and also for contour and box insulation panels. The graphs show the behaviour of the elastic modulus, the yield point, and the resistance of the elements in the successive minutes of the fire for the different methods of fire protection used. The best results were obtained for vermiculite and gypsum spray

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Influence of the Thermal Insulation Type and Thickness on the Structure Mechanical Response Under Fire Conditions