Abstract: This is an analysis of cost-effective in-service time periods of indoor and outdoor MV/LV transformer/distribution substations operating in Poland. It addresses specific components of the overall operating costs, along with the variable average annual operating costs of substations versus in-service time periods depending on a specific accumulation rate, average repair costs and average value of energy not supplied to electricity users following power outage. Based on the estimations, cost-effective in-service time periods are calculated for specific construction types of substations. The analysis also includes a discount calculus.
B I B L I O G R A F I A[1] A.S. Bouhouras, A.G. Marinopoulos, D.P. Labridis, P.S. Dokopoulos Installation of PV systems in Greece—reliability improvement in the transmission and distribution system Electric Power Systems Research, 80 (2010), pp. 547–555
[2] D. Zhu, D. Cheng, R.P. Broadwater, C. Scirbona Storm modeling for prediction of power distribution system outages Electric Power Systems Research, 77 (2007), pp. 973–979
[3] W. Li Risk Assessment of Power Systems: Models, Methods and Applications Wiley-IEEE Press (2004)
[4] C.W. Williams Weather Normalization of Power System Reliability Indices, 3 (2003), pp. 1080–1084
[5] N. Balijepalli, S.S. Venkata, C.W. Richter, R.D. Christie, V.J. Longo Distribution system reliability assessment due to lightning storms IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 20 (2005), pp. 2153–2159
[6] A. Sankarakrishnan, R. Billinton Sequential Monte Carlo simulation for composite power system reliability analysis with time varying loads IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 10 (1995), pp. 1540–1545
[7] R. Billinton, A. Sankarakrishnan A comparison of Monte Carlo simulation techniques for composite power system reliability assessment WESCANEX 95 Communications, Power and Computing Conference Proceedings, IEEE, 1 (1995), pp. 145–150
[8] D. Zhu Electric Distribution Reliability Analysis Considering Time-varying Load, Weather Conditions and Reconfiguration with Distributed Generation Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (2007)
[9] W. Li Incorporating aging failures in power system reliability evaluation IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 17 (2002), pp. 918–923
[10] M.H.J. Bollen Effects of adverse weather and aging on power system reliability Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference, IEEE (2000), pp. 63–68
[11] W.C. Floresa, E. Mombello, J.A. Jardinic, G. Rattá Fuzzy risk index for power transformer failures due to external short-circuits Electric Power Systems Research, 79 (2009), pp. 539–549
[12] D. Trebolle, T. Gómez, R. Cossent, P. Frías Distribution planning with reliability options for distributed generation Electric Power Systems Research, 80 (2010), pp. 222–229
[13] J.R. Barra Mathematical Basis of Reliability Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw (1982)
[14] J. Sozański Reliability of Equipment and Power Systems Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw (1974)
[15] J. Sozański Reliability of Electricity Supply Scientific and Technical Publishing, Warsaw (1982)
[16] A.Ł. Chojnacki, Z. Świerczewski The cost of a failure MV/LV relay–distribution station Electrotechnical Review, 04 (2010), pp. 314–319
[17] A.Ł. Chojnacki, Z. Świerczewski Costs of losses incurred by distributors of electric energy and caused by unreliability of MV/LV substations Energetics, 03 (2010), pp. 149–157
[18] A.Ł. Chojnacki, Z. Świerczewski Cost of unreliability of MV/LV transformer–distribution stations operated in municipal and rural electric networks Energetic, 07 (2010), pp. 406–411
[19] A.Ł. Chojnacki Reliability analysis of MV/LV transformer–distribution stations in operating conditions Archive of Energetics, XXXVII (2006), pp. 147–168
[20] A.Ł. Chojnacki Analysis of economic results of shortages in electric energy supplied to individual consumers Electrotechnical messages, 09 (2009), pp. 3–9
[21] Z. Kowalski Reliability of supply of electricity customers Publishers of Lodz University of Technology, Lodz (1992)
[22] F. Beichert Problems of reliability and renewal of technical equipment Scientific and Technical Publishing, Warsaw (1974)
[23] G. Tollefson, R. Billinton, G. Wacker Comprehensive bibliography on reliability worth and electrical service consumer interruption costs IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 6 (November (4)) (1991), pp. 1508–1514
[24] D. Smith Reliability, Maintainability and Risk Butterworth Heinemann (2005, April) 
Pełny tekst 
DOI 
Web of Science