Abstract: Appropriate and sustainable management of land is required to the preserve spatial order and the appropriate use of resources. To
make quality decisions in space, as well as to actively manage a resource, it is crucial to be able to use, among others, credible,
up-to-date spatial details, including the cadastral data. The question is, however, whether the data inscribed in the cadastre
correspond to reality. Among others, the problem of considerable differences between recorded, cadastral and geodetic area
(reflecting actual circumstances) of the parcels can be commonly observed, influencing the procedure of real estate appraisal. This
research examines the scale of the problem of unreliability of cadastral data regarding the area of parcels. Based on the example of
a middle-sized city, analyses of the scale of the problem and an investigation of the types of properties most commonly involved
were conducted. Moreover, an analysis of legal acts in force and those already expired, as well as the literature on the subject was
performed to determine the permissible differences in the area between relevant records. The influence of the unreliable cadastral
data on the procedure of appraisal of real estates was also investigated.
B I B L I O G R A F I ABajtala, M., Hudecova, L., Sokol, S.: The reliability of parcel area. Conference: 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017, 2017.
BDL [BANK DANYCH LOKALNYCH], [on-line:] https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/teryt/tablica [access: 2022.11.18].
Benduch, P.: The Assessment of the Influence of Cadastral Parcel Boundary Points Location Errors on the Accuracy of Analytical Determination of Their Surface Area. Geomatics and Environmental Engineering, vol. 10, 2016, pp. 17-31.
Bieda, A., Hanus, P., Jasińska, E., Preweda E.: Accuracy of determination of real estate area. The 9th International Conference “ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING”, 2014.
Bielecka, E.: Zasady oceny jakości danych przestrzennych oraz ich zastosowanie do oceny jakości danych gromadzonych w TBD. Roczniki Geomatyki, vol. 8, no. 4, 2010, pp. 53-66.
Bryx, M.: Rynek nieruchomości. System i funkcjonowanie. POLTEXT, Warszawa, 2006, pp. 40-42.
Chekole, S.D., de Vries, W.T., Durán-Díaz, P., Shibeshi, G.B.: Performance Evaluation of the Urban Cadastral System in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Land, vol. 9, 2020.
Cienciała, A., Sobolewska-Mikulska, K., Sobura, S.: Credibility of the cadastral data on land use and the methodology for their verification and update. Land Use Policy, vol. 102, 2021.
Dawidowicz A., Źróbek R.: A methodological evaluation of the Polish cadastral system based on the global cadastral model. Land Use Policy, vol. 73, 2018, pp. 59-72.
Dąbrowski, R., Latos, D.: Possibilities of the Practical Application of Remote Sensing Data in Real Property Appraisal, Real Estate Management and Valuation, vol. 23, no. 2, 2015, pp. 68-76.
Doskocz, A.: Dokładność obiczania pola powierzchni ze współrzędnych płaskich prostokątnych. Acta Sci. Pol., Geodesia et Descriptio Terrarum, vol. 10, no. 3, 2011, pp. 29-44.
Foryś, I., Gaca, R.: Objective and Subjective Perception of Real Estate Features in the Light of an Experimental Study. In: Nermend, K., Łatuszyńska, M. (eds) Experimental and Quantitative Methods in Contemporary Economics. CMEE 2018. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham, 2020, pp. 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30251-1_19
Friedmann, J.: Strategic Spatial Planning and the Longer Range. Planning Theory & Practice Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2004, pp. 49–67.
Geoportal Kielce, [on-line:] https://gis.kielce.eu [access: 2023.08.18]
Gilbertson, B.: Valuation or Appraisal: Art or Science?. Global Real Estate Now, Springer, 2001.
Hanus, P., Pęska-Siwik, A., Benduch, P., Szewczyk, R.: Comprehensive assessment of the quality of spatial data in records of parcel boundaries. Measurement, vol. 158, 2020.
Hopfer, A.: The relationship between the cadastre and land valuation. FIG XX International Congress Melbourne, Australia. 1994, [on-line:]
https://www.oicrf.org/-/the-relationship-between-the-cadastre-and-land-valuation [access: 2023.07.12]
Hubar, Y., Vynarchyk, L., Sai, V., Bochkov, S.: Methods to determine the area of the land parcel physical surface. International Conference of Young Professionals «GeoTerrace-2021», 2021.
Jasińska, E.: Real estate due diligence on the example of the polish market. Conference: 14th SGEM GeoConference on Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, vol. 2, 2014. doi: 10.5593/SGEM2014/B22/S9.053
Kocur-Bera, K., Frąszczak, H.: Coherence of Cadastral Data in Land Management—A Case Study of Rural Areas in Poland. Land, vol. 10, 2021.
Kocur-Bera, K.: Understanding information about agricultural land. An evaluation of the extent of data modification in the Land Parcel Identification System for the needs of area-based payments—A case study. Land Use Policy, vol. 94, 2020.
Kocur-Bera, K.: Data compatibility between the Land and Building Cadaster (LBC) and the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) in the context of area-based payments: A case study in the Polish Region of Warmia and Mazury, Land Use Policy, vol. 80, 2019, pp. 370-379.
Kocur-Bera, K.: Determinants of agricultural land price in Poland–a case study covering a part of the Euroregion Baltic. Cahiers Agricultures, vol. 25, 2016.
Kononova, O.Y., Zatolokina, N.M.: Cadastral Challenges of Forest Resource Surveying in Belgorod Oblast. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 459, 2020.
Krajewska M., Źróbek S., Šubic Kovač M.: The Role of Spatial Planning in the Investment Process in Poland and Slovenia. Real Estate Management and Valuation, Vol. 22, Issue 2, 2014, pp. 52–66.
Krigsholm, P., Zavialova, S., Riekkinen, K., Ståhle, P., Viitanen, K.: Understanding the future of the Finnish cadastral system – A Delphi study, Land Use Policy, vol. 68, 2017, pp. 133-140.
Kucharska-Stasiak, E.: Uncertainty of Property Valuation as a Subject of Academic Research. Real Estate Management and Valuation, 21(4), 2013, pp. 17-25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2013-0033.
Law of May 17, 1989. on geodetic and cartographic law
Dz.U.2021.0.1990
Law of August 21, 1997. on real estate management
Dz.U.2023.344.1113.
Matko V.: Mass appraisal of agricultural land. Geodetski Vestnik, vol. 52, no. 3, 2008, pp.520–529.
Mika M.: Interoperability cadastral data in the system approach. Journal of Ecological Engineering, vol. 18, no. 2, 2017, pp. 150–156.
Noga, K., Balawejder, M., Matkowska, K.: Dimensions of destruction of road network providing access to cadastral parcels resulting from motorway construction. Geomat. Environ. Eng., vol. 11, 2017, pp. 65–81.
Noszczyk, T., Hernik, J.: Understanding the cadastre in rural areas in Poland after the socio-political transformation. Journal of Spatial Science, vol. 64, no. 1, 2019, pp. 73-95.
Ogryzek, M., Tarantino, E., Rząsa, K.: Infrastructure of the spatial information in the european community (INSPIRE) based on examples of italy and Poland. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., vol. 9, 2020, pp. 755.
Ostapchuk, I., Gagalyuk, T., Curtiss, J. Post-acquisition integration and growth of farms: the case of Ukrainian agroholdings. International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 24(4), 2021, pp. 1-22.
Ordinance of the Minister of Development, Labor and Technology of July 27, 2021 on land and building records
Dz.U. 2021.0.1390.
Ordinance of the Minister of Development of August 18, 2020 on technical standards for performing geodetic situational and altitude measurements, as well as developing and transferring the results of such measurements to the state geodetic and cartographic resource
Dz.U. 2020, poz. 1429.
Ordinance of the Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration of November 9, 2011 on technical standards for performing geodetic situational and altitude measurements, as well as developing and transferring the results of such measurements to the state geodetic and cartographic resource
Dz.U. 2011 nr 263 poz. 1572.
Pasiecka, A.: A characterization of the real estate market. Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics Vol. 5, No.4, 169-180, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/ceejme.655
Regulation of the Minister of Regional Development and Construction of March, 29 on land and building records
Dz.U. 2001 nr 38 poz. 454.
Technical Instructions G-5 on land and building records
Ritter, M., Hüttel, S., Odening, M., Seifert, S.: Revisiting the relationship between land price and parcel size in agriculture, Land Use Policy, Volume 97, 2020, 104771, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104771.
Przewięźlikowska, A.:. Legal aspects of synchronising data on real property location in polish cadastre and land and mortgage register. Land Use Policy, vol. 95, 2020, pp. 1-11.
Roić, M., Križanović, J., Pivac, D.: An Approach to Resolve Inconsistencies of Data in the Cadastre. Land, vol. 10, no. 1, 2021.
Sisman, S., Akar, A.U., Yalpir, S.:The novelty hybrid model development proposal for mass appraisal of real estates in sustainable land management, Survey Review, 55:388, 2023, 1-20.
Summary statement from 2019 - 26 wojewodzkie zestawienie zbiorcze gruntów za 2019 r.
Szopińska, K., Balawejder, M., Warchoł, A.: National legal regulations and location of noise barriers along the Polish highway. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 109, 2022.
Thompson, R.J.: A model for the creation and progressive improvement of a digital cadastral data base, Land Use Policy, vol. 49, 2015, pp. 565-576.
UM Kielce, Stan Środowiska Kielce, 2012 [on-line:] http://www.um.kielce.pl/gfx/kielce2/userfiles/files/srodowisko/raport/srodowisko_kielc_druk_2013_04_30.pdf [access: 2022.11.18].
Yildiz, U., Gürel, M., Kocaman, S., Zevenbergen, J.: Possible Negative Legal Impacts on Cadastral Work Due to Lack of Perception on Spatial Uncertainty. Conference: FIG Congress 2022. 
DOI