Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty eksperymentalnych badań zależności pomiędzy smarnością wybranych olejów silnikowych i przekładniowych a ich właściwościami sorpcyjnymi oraz napięciem powierzchniowym i kątem zwilżania. Zróżnicowane zdolności olejów do adsorpcji, napięcia powierzchniowego, kąta zwilżania i smarności uzyskano poprzez dodanie do nich różnej ilości wybranych surfaktantów, w tym także cieczy jonowych. Właściwości smarnościowe olejów były ocenione zgodnie z PN-76/C-04147 (ASTM D2596-69, ASTM D2783-71) na aparacie czterokulowym. Napięcie powierzchniowe i kąt zwilżania oceniono za pomocą nowoczesnego tensjometru KSV SIGMA 701 (prod. Finlandia). Właściwości sorpcyjne oceniono metodą pośrednią za pomocą bardzo czułego różnicowego kalorymetru skaningowego SETARAM DSC 141 (prod. Francja). Uzyskane rezultaty badań mogą być użyte do oceny zastosowanych surfaktanów jako stymulatorów smarności olejów.
Abstract: One of the most effective method for the protection of elements of machines against tribological wear is by creating on their sliding a very (stable) durable boundary lubricating film, which is very resistant on the interaction of large normal and tangential loads. Stability of the boundary film is the measure of the lubricating ability (lubricity) of oil. Lubricating ability is the set property, which depends on the energy state of the lubricating surface as well as on chemical constitution of oil among others. In order to obtain a suitable quality of oil one inserts into the oils a selected packet of additives, so-called lubricity additives i.e. Anti-wear and anti-seizure additives. These substances must have among others properties of surface-avtive and chemical-active compounds, which have the sorbing ability, as well as being characterised by a large dipole moment. As a result of this, these substance can ensure the creation of a stable boundary film, so also obtain a high lubricity of oil. The results of experimental investigation on the relationship between the lubricity of selected gear oils and engine oils and their sorptive properties as well as contact angle and surface tension are presented. Engine and gear oils have been so compose as to have suitable and the same viscosity. Diversity of sorptive and superficial properties and lubricity of oils have been obtained by additing to them different quantities of selected surfactants, and ionic liquids. Lubricating properties of oils have been assessed according to ASTM D2596-69 i ASTM D2270-77 on Four-Ball Test Machine [L. 4, 5, 6]. Surface tension and contact angle of oils have been assessed by means of modern tensiometer KS V SIGMA 701 (made in Finland). However, sorptive properties were investigated by an indirect method by means of a very sensitive differential scanning calorimeter SETARAM DSC 141 (made in France), in which sapphire was the reference material. Obtained results of research have been used to assess of the finctional quality of applying surfactants as lubricity stimulators of engine and gear oils.
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ego
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